ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT PADA FERMENTASI SPONTAN BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA ASAL BANTAENG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtp.2022.023.01.5Keywords:
Bakteri Asam Laktat; Biji Kopi Robusta; Fermentasi; IsolasiAbstract
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan mengisolasi bakteri asam laktat (BAL) indigenus yang terlibat dalam fermentasi spontan biji kopi robusta asal Bantaeng pada interval waktu fermentasi 0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 48, dan 72 jam serta untuk mengetahui aktivitas enzim dari isolat bakteri asam laktat indigenus sebagai upaya pengembangan kultur starter dalam fermentasi biji kopi secara terkontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan isolasi berhasil dilakukan pada 37 isolat bakteri yang terlibat dalam fermentasi spontan biji kopi robusta. Hasil identifikasi sederhana yang dilakukan secara bertahap menunjukkan hanya 12 isolat bakteri yang bersifat katalase negatif, Gram positif, non spora, non motil, tidak menghasilkan gas (homofermentatif), tumbuh pada suhu 10 °C, 37 °C, 45 °C serta mampu tumbuh pada konsentrasi garam 4% dan 6,5%. Selanjutnya, 2 isolat BAL yang diisolasi pada waktu fermentasi 24 jam diuji lebih lanjut untuk dikembangkan sebagai kultur starter fermentasi biji kopi secara terkontrol. Kedua isolat BAL terpilih, yaitu BT24I1 dan BT24I2, diuji kemampuannya dalam menguraikan selulosa dan pektin. Hasil pengujian kualitatif menunjukkan kedua isolat BAL mampu menghasilkan selulase dan pektinase sehingga keduanya berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat kultur starter dalam fermentasi terkontrol biji kopi robusta dalam upaya pengembangan mutu dan cita rasa kopi
This study is an experimental study aimed at isolating lactic acid bacteria (BAL) indigenus involved in the spontaneous fermentation of robusta coffee beans from Bantaeng at fermentation time intervals of 0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 48, 72 hours and to find out the enzyme activity of the isolate of indigenus lactic acid bacteria as an effort to develop a starter culture in controlled coffee bean fermentation. The results showed that isolation was successfully carried out on 37 bacterial isolates involved in spontaneous fermentation of robusta coffee beans. The results of a simple identification carried out gradually showed only 12 bacterial isolates that were catalase negative, Gram positive, non spore, non-motile, non-gas-producing (homofermentative), growing at temperatures of 10 °C, 37 °C, 45 °C and able to grow at salt concentrations of 4% and 6.5%. Furthermore, 2 BAL isolates isolated at the fermentation time of 24 hours were further tested to be developed as a controlled coffee bean fermentation starter culture. The two selected BAL isolates, BT24I1 and BT24I2, tested their ability to decompose cellulose and pectin. Qualitative test results show that both BAL isolates can produce cellulase and pectinase so that both have the potential to be developed as candidates for starter cultures in controlled fermentation of robusta coffee beans in an effort to develop the quality and taste of coffee.
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