PEMBUATAN ASAP CAIR DARI KULIT KOPI (Coffea sp.) DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI KOAGULAN LATEKS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtp.2023.024.01.1Keywords:
Asap cair; Kulit kopi; Koagulan; LateksAbstract
Pengolahan kopi (Coffea sp.) melalui penggilingan akan menghasilkan limbah kulit kopi yang tidak termanfaatkan dan hanya ditumpuk di sekitar lokasi pengolahan. Kulit kopi (Coffea sp.) mengandung lignin dan selulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pembuatan asap cair. Asap cair memiliki beberapa kegunaan diantaranya dapat diaplikasikan sebagai koagulan karet alam (lateks). Asap cair dihasilkan melalui proses pirolisis selama 6 jam dengan suhu ± 350◦C. Rendemen asap cair yang dihasilkan dari proses pirolisis kulit kopi sebesar 19,6% dengan karakteristik berbau asap, berwarna coklat kemerahan dengan berat jenis sebesar 1,007 ± 0,003 gr/mL, pH 3,62 ± 0,021, dan kadar asam total 9,75 ± 0,025%. Analisis menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR menunjukkan adanya vibrasi gugus –OH, C=O dan C-O yang diduga berasal dari gugus karboksilat. Asap cair diaplikasikan sebagai koagulan lateks dengan konsentrasi (dalam v/v) yaitu 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% serta lateks murni tanpa perlakuan sebagai kontrol negatif dan asam formiat 2% (v/v) sebagai kontrol positif. Pada konsentrasi asap cair 15% waktu koagulasi lateks menunjukkan hasil yang hampir sama dengan penggunaan asam formiat 2%. Pada konsentrasi asap cair yang lebih tinggi yaitu 20% (v/v), proses koagulasi menggunakan asap cair lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan asam formiat 2% (v/v). Penggunaan asap cair dari kulit kopi pada proses koagulasi lateks mampu memperpendek waktu koagulasi serta menghilangkan bau busuk pada lateks namun mengubah warna lateks alami menjadi abu-abu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut asap cair kulit kopi (Coffea sp.) dapat digunakan sebagai koagulan lateks untuk menggantikan asam formiat.
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