PROFIL MUTU MINYAK ATSIRI KULIT LEMON (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. var. Eureka) BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN WARNA KEMATANGAN DAN KADAR AIR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtp.2023.024.03.5Keywords:
Citrus limon, Hidrodistilasi, Minyak Atsiri, Mutu, Warna KematanganAbstract
Angka kebutuhan minyak atsiri lemon terus meningkat untuk keperluan industri pangan, farmasi, dan kimia sehingga perlu memiliki karakteristik dasar yang memenuhi standar internasional seperti ISO 855:2003 atau pun EFSA 2021. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh warna kematangan dan kadar air pada kulit lemon varietas California terhadap rendemen dan profil mutu minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan analisis deskriptif. Kulit lemon kuning (YG-stage) dan kulit lemon hijau (G-stage) disiapkan dalam dua kondisi, yaitu segar dan kering angin selama 3 hari untuk kemudian diekstrak menggunakan metode hidrodistilasi dengan rasio bahan-pelarut 1:9 (b/v) selama 4 jam pada suhu 88,3–91,0°C. parameter yang diamati meliputi aroma, warna, bobot jenis, indeks bias, dan fraksi senyawa kimia melalui analisis GC-MS. Kulit lemon kuning yang dikering-anginkan (KA = 12,79%bb) menghasilkan rendemen minyak atsiri tertinggi (2,45 ± 0,54%) dengan profil mutu memiliki aroma yang paling mendekati kulit lemon segar, warna kuning muda jernih, nilai indeks bias 1,4735 ± 0,0006, nilai bobot jenis 0,854 ± 0,002 g/mL, dan kadar fraksi senyawa D-Limonene (71,71%), -Terpinene (10,44%), -Cymene (3,73%) -Pinene (2,05%), dan -Myrcene (2,04%) sehingga memenuhi standar ISO 855:2003.
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