SENYAWA-SENYAWA BIOAKTIF PADA RUMPUT LAUT COKELAT SARGASSUM SP. : ULASAN ILMIAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtp.2019.020.02.5Keywords:
Aktivitas Biologis, Genus Sargassum, Meroditerpenoid, Senyawa BioaktifAbstract
ABSTRAK
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 Genus Sargassum termasuk kelas rumput laut cokelat (Phaeophyceae) yang terdiri dari sekitar 400 spesies, dan banyak ditemukan di perairan Indonesia. Sargassum sp. kaya dengan berbagai jenis senyawa bioaktif, yang penting untuk pencegahan maupun terapi berbagai penyakit. Ulasan ilmiah ini dilakukan untuk mengulas jenis-jenis senyawa bioaktif, senyawa bioaktif dominan, dan aktivitas biologisnya dalam genus Sargassum, berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian ilmiah yang telah dipublikasikan. Dari ulasan ilmiah ini dapat diketahui bahwa senyawa-senyawa bioaktif dalam Sargassum sp. meliputi florotanin, terpenoid, chromene, derivat tetraprenyltoluquinol, fukosantin, fukoidan, alginat, asam-asam fenolat, katekin, kuersetin, fukosterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, feofitin A dan sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol. Florotanin, fukosantin, fukoidan, alginat, fukosterol, meroditerpenoid dan gentisic acid adalah senyawa bioaktif dominan dalam Sargassum sp. Meroditerpenoid merupakan senyawa bioaktif khas dalam Sargassum sp., yang tidak diproduksi oleh genus rumput laut lainnya. Aktivitas biologis dari senyawa-senyawa bioaktif Sargassum sp. yaitu antioksidan, antikanker, antitumor, antiinflamasi, antihipertensi, antiobesitas, antidiabetes, antibakteri, antifungi, antivirus, antialergi (ovalbumin dan udang), hipokolesterolemia, neuroprotektif, pencerah kulit dan proteksi ROS intraseluler. Dengan demikian, senyawa-senyawa bioaktif dalam Sargassum sp. potensial untuk mendorong kesehatan.
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ABSTRACT
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The genus Sargassum belong to a brown seaweed class (Phaeophyceae) consisting of approximately 400 species, and it is abundant in Indonesian waters. Sargassum sp. are rich in various bioactive compounds, which is important for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. This review was conducted to discuss the bioactive compounds, the dominant bioactive compounds, and their biological activity in genus Sargassum, it is based on published scientific studies. From this review known that the bioactive compounds in Sargassum sp. i.e. phlorotannins, terpenoids, chromene, tetraprenyltoluquinol derivatives, fucoxanthin, fucoidan, alginate, phenolic acids, catechin, quercetin, fucosterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, pheophytin-A and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol. Phlorotannins, fucoxanthin, fucoidan, alginate, fucosterol, meroditerpenoids and gentisic acid are the dominant bioactive compounds in Sargassum sp. Meroditerpenoids are a typical bioactive compounds in Sargassum sp., it is not produced by other seaweed genus. The biological activities of Sargassum sp. bioactive compounds i.e. antioxidant, anti‑cancer, anti‑tumor, anti‑inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-obesity, anti‑diabetic, anti‑bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-allergic (ovalbumin and shrimp), hypocholesterolemic, neuroprotective, skin lightening and intracellular ROS protection. Therefore, the bioactive compounds in Sargassum sp. are potential to promote health.
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