KARAKTERISTIK MIKROKAPSUL MINYAK EKSTRAK DARI KEPALA KAKAP MERAH PADA BEBERAPA RASIO BAHAN PENYALUT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtp.2021.022.02.2Keywords:
Dekstrin, Gum arab, Ikan Kakap Merah, Limbah, MikroenkapsulasiAbstract
ABSTRAK
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Kepala ikan kakap merah merupakan limbah terbanyak yang dihasilkan dari industri fillet ikan kakap merah. Minyak ikan hasil ekstraksi dari limbah kepala ikan kakap merah mengandung asam lemak omega 3, omega 6 dan omega 9, namun bersifat kurang stabil dan mudah rusak akibat proses oksidasi. Stabilitas minyak ikan selama penyimpanan dapat ditingkatkan melalui proses mikroenkapsulasi dengan metode spray drying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh proporsi bahan penyalut yang berbeda terhadap karakteristik mikrokapsul minyak ikan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan faktor perlakuan proporsi bahan penyalut yang terdiri dari 6 level. Analisis statistik pada data hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan software SPSS 20 (α= 5%). Mikrokapsul dengan karakteristik terbaik dihasilkan dari perlakuan perbandingan antara bahan penyalut dekstrin dan gum arab 2:3, dengan rendemen 17,75%, kadar air 11,32% (bb), kadar lemak 15,65%, ukuran 1653,08 µm dan berwarna putih kekuningan. Selain itu, proses mikroenkapsulasi dengan bahan penyalut dekstrin dan gum arab (2:3) juga menunjukkan bahwa dapat mempertahankan kandungan asam lemak dengan jumlah omega 3 sebesar 14,17%, omega 6 sebesar 4,35% dan omega 9 sebesar 12,53%.
ABSTRACT
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Red snapper head is the most waste generated from the red snapper fillet industry. Fish oil extracted from red snapper head waste contains omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids but is less stable and easily damaged due to the oxidation process. The stability of fish oil during storage can be increased through the spray drying method's microencapsulation process. This study aims to examine the effect of different proportions of coating materials on the characteristics of the fish oil microcapsules produced. The study used a randomized block design with a treatment factor of the ratio of coating material consisting of 6 levels. Statistical analysis of research data was carried out using SPSS 20 software (α = 5%). Microcapsules with the best characteristics were produced from the comparison treatment between dextrin and gum arabic coating materials 2:3, with a yield of 17.75%, water content 11.32% (bb), fat content 15.65%, size 1653.08 m, and colored yellowish white. In addition, the microencapsulation process with dextrin and gum arabic coating materials (2:3) also showed that it could maintain the fatty acid content with the amount of omega-3 by 14.17%, omega-6 by 4.35%, and omega-9 by 12.53%.
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