ANALISIS VALUE CHAIN DAN MARGIN PEMASARAN RANTAI PASOK TANDAN BUAH SEGAR SAWIT RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BENGKALIS

Abstract

ABSTRAK

 

Usaha perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Bengkalis didominasi oleh usaha perkebunan rakyat yang memiliki produk utama berupa Tandan Buah Segar (TBS). Jumlah produksi TBS tersebut sangat tinggi, namun pengelolaan rantai pasok TBS dirasakan masih kurang efisien sehingga pendapatan petani rendah. Hal ini dikarenakan jaringan distribusi komoditi sangat panjang serta fluktuasi harga pada saat distribusi TBS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan rantai nilai kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Bengkalis dan menganalisis margin pemasaran yang diperoleh petani. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara degan petani dan anggota rantai pasok, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Dinas Perkebunan Bengkalis. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pemetaan value chain dan margin pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat jaringan rantai pasok TBS sawit rakyat di Kabupaten Bengkalis, yaitu jaringan I (petani-pengumpul-pedagang besar sawit- industri), jaringan II (petani-pedagang besar sawit-industri), jaringan III (petani-pengumpul- koperasi-industri) dan jaringan IV (petani-koperasi sawit-industri). Dari empat jaringan distribusi tersebut, jaringan IV di Kecamatan Pinggir yang paling banyak memperoleh nilai farmer’s share sebesar 78,21%. Sementara, nilai terkecil diperoleh pada jaringan I di Kecamatan Bantan sebesar 46,43%.

 

ABSTRACT

 

The business of palm oil plantation in the Bengkalis Regency is dominated by smallholder which has Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) as the main product. The total production of it grows annually, however, the long of supply chain of FFB is still inefficient so the revenue of the farmer is low. This is due to the long distribution network of the product and price fluctuation at distribution time. This study aimed to map value chain of the palm oil in Bengkalis and to analyze its marketing margin obtained by the farmers. Data used in this study were primary dan secondary data. Primary data colletction was carried out by observation and interviews with farmers and supply chain members, while secondary data was obtained from the Bengkalis Plantation Agency. Moreover, the data were analyzed by using value chain and marketing margin methods. The result of this study indicated that there are four palm oil distribution networks in Bengkalis, networks (N): N1 (farmer-collector-trader-industry), N2 (farmer-trader-industry), N3 (farmer-collector-cooperative-industry), and N4 (farmer-cooperative-industry). Based on the four distribution networks, the N4 network in Pinggir District received the most farmer's share of 78.21%. Meanwhile, the smallest value was obtained in N1 in Bantan District of 46.43%.